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41.
采用氢氧化钽为吸附剂,对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能进行了研究,考察了吸附时间、pH值、磷酸盐的初始浓度、反应温度对吸附量的影响。实验结果表明:pH值越小,氢氧化钽对磷酸盐的吸附量越大,当pH值为2时氢氧化钽对磷酸盐的吸附性能优,并且pH值对磷酸盐的吸附量影响较大;磷酸盐的初始浓度越大,吸附量越大,吸附平衡时间越短;氢氧化钽对磷酸盐的吸附量和吸附速率都随着温度的升高而增加。在25℃、pH=2、初始浓度为200 mg/L、吸附30 min时达到平衡时最大吸附量为76.69 mg/g。吸附后的氢氧化钽红外谱图在1066 cm-1处出现特征峰,该峰恰好是吸附磷酸盐的伸缩振动峰,并且在638 cm-1与670 cm-1之间Ta-O键由于磷酸盐的吸附发生了蓝移。采用6 mol/L的NaOH对吸附了磷酸盐的氢氧化钽进行解吸,当pH=12时解吸率为52.45%。研究结果表明,氢氧化钽能够有效的去除水溶液中磷酸盐的吸附剂。 相似文献
42.
污泥活性炭理化性质表征及吸附抗生素效果研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章以北京方庄污水处理厂的浓缩和脱水污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2活化法分别制备污泥活性炭。对制得的污泥活性炭进行表征,并将其应用于加替沙星废水的处理。研究2种污泥活性炭吸附反应的吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、pH值、初始浓度4个因子对吸附量的影响,设计正交实验。正交实验结果表明:2种污泥活性炭受到4个因子影响程度相当,表现出明显的相似性,但短期吸附时,脱水污泥表现出更好的吸附性能。初始浓度对吸附量的影响最大,获得最大吸附量的条件组合为:初始浓度200 mg/L,投加量0.05 g,pH=9,t=2 h。浓缩和脱水污泥活性炭的最大吸附量分别可达34.541 mg/g和34.925 mg/g,表明2种污泥活性炭对加替沙星均有良好的吸附效果。污泥活性炭作为一种废水吸附剂,是废水处理的一种新途径。 相似文献
43.
Six common algal fatty acids (FAs) with different numbers of double bonds, lipophilic fractions and proteins extracted from the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and algal cells were chlorinated to evaluate their potential in generating disinfection by-products (DBPs). The result showed that the more double bonds in the FAs, the higher the amounts of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) produced, but such a pattern was not observed for trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). Based on the previously reported composition of fatty acids in algal lipids, the DBP generation potentials of algal lipids were calculated. These predicted values were much lower than those measured in the chlorinated algal lipophilic fraction, suggesting unknown lipophilic fraction(s) served as potent DBPs precursors. Another calculation attempted to predict DBP production in algal cells based on algal lipid and protein composition, given quantified measured DBP production per unit algal lipid and proteins. The analysis showed that the observed DBP production was similar to that predicted (< 35% difference), suggesting that algal biochemical compositions may serve as a bioindicator for preliminary estimation of chloroform, DCAA and TCAA formation upon chlorinating algae. 相似文献
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地理环境往往会对宗教的扩散和分布产生重要影响.扩散是宗教地理研究关注的一个重要方面,而对具体宗教扩散模式的研究在国内尚属薄弱.对基督教新教自19世纪初传人广东后的空间扩散形态进行分析,发现存在着多种扩散模式.其中,点轴式迁移扩散最为普遍,但中间障碍的存在常常使发展轴线发生变换;等级扩散呈现出按照人口分布规模、交通地重要性和行政等级的特征;传染扩散模式随着媒介的变化而不断演进;依托海岛的跳板式扩散则是沿海地区基督教扩散的特殊形式.这些模式虽是从经典文化扩散模式演化而来,但在具体特征上已有显著变化.研究试图对传统的文化扩散模式进行重新解读,并为"腹地一口岸一市场"的文化扩散理论提供成熟案例. 相似文献
48.
Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions (ZVAl/H+/air system) demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds. Acetaminophen (ACTM), the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol®, is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research. Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H+/air system and the reaction mechanism. In acidic solutions (pH < 3.5), ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM. More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1\textcelsius. Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal. The addition of different iron species Fe0, Fe2+ and Fe3+ into ZVAl/H+/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H2O2 to HO. via Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate, acetate and nitrate, were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. This work suggested that ZVAl/H+/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water. 相似文献
49.
Xiaoming Li Tingting Shen Dongbo Wang Xiu Yue Xian Liu Qi Yang Jianbin Cao Wei Zheng Guangming Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):269-275
Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe3+(EDTA)/H2O2 (UV: ultraviolet light; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), UV-Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2 were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0. The results indicated that, 100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process. The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and CODCr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe3+/H2O2 process; 39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe3+/H2O2 process. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD5)/CODCr ratio) revealed that the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effluent was improved to 0.45, compared with the cases of UV-Fe3+/H2O2 (0.25) and Fe3+/H2O2 (0.10) processes. Therefore, it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe3+/H2O2 process, enhancing the treatment efficiency. The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra. The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed. 相似文献
50.
A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO2, TiO2, and Al2O3. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs. 相似文献